This deliverable presents the final assessment of the CodeZERO Living Labs in Milan, Oslo, Utrecht and Antwerp, bringing together operational results, communication activities and lessons learned from testing sustainable last-mile delivery models across Europe. The report evaluates a range of solutions including cargo bike deliveries, mobile pick-up points, micro-hubs with light electric vehicles, and out-of-home delivery networks such as parcel lockers, pick-up points and retail stores.

Using the CodeZERO assessment framework, the study assesses delivery solutions from the perspectives of consumers, retailers, logistics operators and local authorities. The findings show that zero-emission delivery options can reduce environmental impacts and improve logistics efficiency, but their success depends on factors such as demand density, consumer behaviour, local regulations, operational maturity and urban context. Rather than identifying a single best solution, the report highlights the value of combining different delivery models according to local needs and delivery profiles.

The results underline the importance of stakeholder cooperation and local adaptation. Cargo bikes proved most effective for dense urban deliveries, mobile pick-up points reduced vehicle kilometres in Oslo, micro-hubs helped serve restricted city-centre areas in Utrecht, and out-of-home delivery networks in Antwerp showed strong potential when consumers could collect parcels without dedicated car trips.

The report also examines how communication can support sustainable delivery choices. Across the pilots, interventions such as checkout messages, newsletters, social media campaigns and incentives increased awareness of sustainable alternatives. However, convenience, reliability and cost remained the strongest drivers of consumer behaviour. The findings suggest that communication is most effective when sustainability messages are linked to practical benefits and integrated directly into the delivery decision process.

Overall, the report concludes that sustainable urban logistics requires a flexible ecosystem of delivery options rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Successful deployment depends on matching the right solution to the right context while ensuring clear communication, stakeholder alignment and consumer acceptance.